Why do monks cut their hair?

[Still Searching]

I never knew or understood this.
Can anybody explain to me why this is done and/or what the concept of this is?

[cooran]

Hello Ss,

Q. 15: Why do monks shave their heads?

A: When the prince who was to become the Buddha left his palace to seek a way beyond ageing, sickness and death, it is said that one of the first things that he did was to shave off his hair and beard and put on the yellow cloth . Buddhist monks always completely shave their head and beard, showing their commitment to the Holy Life (Brahmacariya) of one gone forth into the homeless life. (In India some ascetics tear out their hair, while others never touch it so that it becomes a tangled mass.) A rule states that a bhikkhu should not allow his hair to grow beyond a certain length or time, so he will shave usually at least once a fortnight or month, sometimes more frequently. To do this he uses his razor, which is also one of his requisites. 'Hair-of-the-head' (kesa) is one of the five parts of the body mentioned in the ordination ceremony and is used to recollect the true nature of the body. The bhikkhu is also not allowed to dye or pluck out any grey hairs, for they are useful reminders of old-age and impermanence. (Just consider how much time and money is wasted by people trying to make their hair remain beautiful and young-looking.)
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/bud ... qmonks.htm

Buddhist Monastic Code - Chapter One - Personal Grooming
Hair of the head. The hair of the head should not be worn long. It should be shaved at least every two months or when the hair has grown to a length of two fingerbreadths — whichever occurs first, says the Commentary. In Thailand there is the custom that all bhikkhus shave their heads on the same day, the day before the full moon, so that the Community can present a uniform appearance. Although this is not obligatory, a bhikkhu who does not follow the custom tends to stand out from his fellows.

A razor is one of a bhikkhu's eight basic requisites. He is also allowed a whetstone, a razor case, a piece of felt (to wrap the razor in), and all razor accessories (such as a strop). At present, this allowance would cover all types of safety razors as well. The Commentary to Pr 2 insists that the razor case not be multicolored.

Unless ill — e.g., he has a sore on his head — a bhikkhu may not use scissors to cut his hair or have it cut. The question of using electric razors to shave the head is a controversial one. Because their cutting action — even in rotary shavers — is like that of scissors, many Communities will not allow their use in shaving the head.

A bhikkhu may not have gray hairs pulled out. (The wording of the Commentary here suggests that this prohibition covers hair of the body as well as hair of the head, but it goes on to say that ugly hairs growing, e.g., on the eyebrows, forehead, or beard-area may be removed.) He may not arrange the hair of his head with a brush, a comb, with the fingers used as a comb, with beeswax mixed with oil, or with water mixed with oil. Hair dressing mousse and creams would also come under this prohibition. The Commentary gives permission to use one's hand to smooth down the curled-up ends of one's body hair — for example, on the arm or chest — and to rub the head with a wet hand to cool it off or to remove dust.

Beard. The beard should not be grown long, although — unlike the hair of the head — there is no explicit maximum length, unless the two month/two fingerbreadth rule is meant to apply here as well. One may not dress the beard as a goatee, a rectangle, or in any other design. The moustache may not be dressed, e.g., by making its ends stand up. Because there is no prohibition against using scissors to cut the beard, electric razors are clearly allowed in shaving the face.

Face. One may not gaze at the reflection of one's face in a mirror or bowl of water unless the face has a wound or a disease. According to the Commentary, mirror here covers any reflective surface; bowl of water, any liquid surface. The Commentary also gives permission to look at one's reflection to check for any signs of aging to be used in meditating on the theme of impermanence. The Vinaya-mukha, noting that the prohibition against using a mirror comes in the context of rules against beautifying the face, argues that looking at one's reflection for other purposes — for example, as an aid in shaving the head or the beard — should be allowed. Alternatively, it might be argued that the use of a mirror while shaving would lessen the danger of wounding oneself with the razor, and so should be allowed under the exemption made for "disease."

Except in the case of an illness, one should not apply lotions, powders, or pastes to the face. The reference here is apparently to beautifying lotions, etc. Medicinal lotions, powders, and pastes are allowable (see Chapter 5). There is also a prohibition against applying a mark to the face (such as a caste mark or auspicious mark) with red arsenic. The Commentary interprets red arsenic as covering any coloring agent. The face and body are also not to be painted or dyed (e.g., with cosmetics, henna, or greasepaint). This rule would prohibit a bhikkhu from having his body tattooed as well, although any tattoos done before his ordination would not have to be removed (see Chapter 14).

Although medicinal eye ointments are allowed, the above rules would prohibit eye cosmetics as well.

Hair of the body. Nasal hairs should not be grown long. (In the origin story to this rule, people objected to bhikkhus with long nasal hairs "like goblins"). Tweezers are allowed for pulling them out; by extension, scissors should also be allowed for trimming them. The Vinaya-mukha notes that nasal hair performs a useful function in keeping dust out of the lungs, and so interprets this rule as applying only to nasal hairs so long that they grow outside the nostrils.

The hair of the chest or stomach should not be dressed. Hair in a "confining" region — which the Vibhaṅga to the bhikkhunī's parallel rule, their Pc 2, identifies as the armpits and the pubic area — should not be removed unless there is a sore in those areas and a need to apply medicine.

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/auth ... .ch01.html

with metta
Chris

[Annapurna]

I've always wondered if it had to do with practical reasons, such as, head lice, and since monks are not allowed to kill them, this would be a good preventive.

I have long hair, and it's probably less work than shaving to wash it every few days and take the scissors and trim the lenght, every few months....it saves me a cap and a scarf in the winter...hm...

but I'm no nun.

[David2]

I've always wondered if it had to do with practical reasons, such as, head lice, and since monks are not allowed to kill them, this would be a good preventive.

I have long hair, and it's probably less work than shaving to wash it every few days and take the scissors and trim the lenght, every few months....it saves me a cap and a scarf in the winter...hm...

but I'm no nun.

One advantage of shaving the hair is that you spend less time thinking about your hair. You get less sensual input from short hair - there's nothing falling from one place to the other when it's windy, and there are less likely itchy (or something like that) sensations on your head- that's at least my experience.
Plus it really takes few time to shave every few weeks and you never have to buy shampoo. (I know, its easier for men to prefer short hair than for women.

[Cittasanto]

It is well worth remembering that there were several forms of ascetic in india and the shaved head was one of several ways different groups wore their hair. some were matted some shaved.
In this regard it is also part of the uniform. the banner of the arahants.

[Annapurna]

I've always wondered if it had to do with practical reasons, such as, head lice, and since monks are not allowed to kill them, this would be a good preventive.

I have long hair, and it's probably less work than shaving to wash it every few days and take the scissors and trim the lenght, every few months....it saves me a cap and a scarf in the winter...hm...

but I'm no nun.

One advantage of shaving the hair is that you spend less time thinking about your hair. You get less sensual input from short hair - there's nothing falling from one place to the other when it's windy, and there are less likely itchy (or something like that) sensations on your head- that's at least my experience.
Plus it really takes few time to shave every few weeks and you never have to buy shampoo. (I know, its easier for men to prefer short hair than for women.

Yes. That's true. I like having long hair, it also doesn't get in the way, I either let it hang down and warm my back and shoulders, or in the summer I pin it up, or braid it, or have a ponytail.

It's funny, last night I dreamt I somehow ended up at a hairdresser friend and since I was already there, and was offered highlights, I thought, yeah, what the heck. She then left the chemicals on way too long and served someone else.

When I looked in the mirror again my blonde hair was dyed black, with green and pink streaks.

I was furious and thought about shaving my head...

Interesting, probably induced by this conversation...

[Annapurna]

It is well worth remembering that there were several forms of ascetic in india and the shaved head was one of several ways different groups wore their hair. some were matted some shaved.
In this regard it is also part of the uniform. the banner of the arahants.

And how is matted?

[Still Searching]

You'd still have to wash your hair, even if you are bald or have a buzz cut
Scalps produce oil which makes hair greasy so if you're bald or just have a shaved head, you'd still need to wash your head regardless and yes, I agree about the lice thing, that'd be a good point.

Most monks are older though, there are a few youngsters but it's unlikely they'd catch head lice.

They could just remove them with a lice comb and let them free if they did keep their hair but still, that is a good point about the lice.

[Sylvester]

Beard. The beard should not be grown long, although — unlike the hair of the head — there is no explicit maximum length, unless the two month/two fingerbreadth rule is meant to apply here as well. One may not dress the beard as a goatee, a rectangle, or in any other design. The moustache may not be dressed, e.g., by making its ends stand up. Because there is no prohibition against using scissors to cut the beard, electric razors are clearly allowed in shaving the face.

with metta
Chris

Ahh! Now I see why the abbots in film depictions of Shaolin kungfu are invariably shown bearded (including the obligatory long eyebrows running down the face)...

Better the beard thingy, than the opulent silk robes these days.

[ricebowl]

I think the challenge here lies in a human being's attachment to his own grooming features, hair for instance is a facial feature that defines some men, and as awkward as it may seem initially shaving off the hair from a young man -- i had that experience when i entered army and became bald it was very liberating -- it makes me admire women renunciants more than male renunciants as there are many monks who looked fine without hair while women's hair is probably an area of solace of her feminity

[Annapurna]

it makes me admire women renunciants more than male renunciants as there are many monks who looked fine without hair while women's hair is probably an area of solace of her feminity

An area of solace? How so?