Brizzy wrote:Hi
In a spirit of inquiry

:-
1. Are "Kalapas" mentioned in the four Nikayas?
not in their commenterial sense (if you are asking about rupa-kalapas).
2. In the same vein, is momentary concentration or sixteen nanas mentioned in the four Nikayas?
Momentary concentration, no.
The insight knowledges are briefly mentioned in MN24 and somewhere in DN33-34
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka ... .than.htmlPaṭisambhidāmagga (KN) has a lot on insight knowledges, and there are far more than 16 of them (although some differ in name only).
3. Is a seven fold Noble path mentioned in the four Nikayas?
No. However the argument that can be made is that even for "dry insighters", their maggaphala moment is on the jhanic level fulfilling the 8th factor.
4. Does sati actually mean bare attention? Or does it mean "thinking/recollecting"?
It has two major meaning.
Memory and mindfulness.
5. Is access concentration mentioned in the four Nikayas?
6. Do path/fruit arise one after the other according to the four Nikayas?
7. If later works differ from the four Nikayas, should we twist words and meanings to make the suttas fit the later teachings?
5&7 No.
6. In some cases 4 paths and 4 fruits appear to have happened in the matter of minutes (for Bahiya), and for some monks in split seconds (if an Aryan cannot commit suicide). So both options can be justified in Nikayas.
8. Do the four Nikayas state that Anatta is a reality of existence?
The suttas carefully imply that ultimately there isn't Atta.
paramis were very briefly mentioned in later KN books.
10. Do the four Nikayas, state that when the Buddha has gone, then the suttas & vinaya should be a monks guide and nothing else.(this is the most important question).

Exactly. The Buddha was the Best teacher!
With metta,
Alex