Pali Term: Sammā

[Dmytro]

Hello Pali friends,

PED gives the following article:

Sammā2 (indecl.) [Vedic samyac (=samyak) & samīś "connected, in one"; see under saŋ˚] thoroughly, properly, rightly; in the right way, as it ought to be, best, perfectly (opp. micchā) D i.12; Vin i.12; Sn 359; 947; Dh 89, 373. Usually as ˚ -- , like sammā -- dhārā even or proper showers (i. e. at the right time) Pv ii.970; especially in connection with constituents of the eightfold Aryan Path, where it is contrasted with micchā; see magga 2 a. (e. g. VbhA 114 sq., 121, 320 sq.). <-> The form sammā is reduced to samma˚ before short vowels (with the insertion of a sandhi -- d -- , cp. puna -- deva), like samma -- d -- eva properly, in harmony or completeness D i.110; Vin i.9: PvA 139, 157;

http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philol ... :3794.pali

CPD:

a-sammā, ind. [3a + sammā, sa. samyak, with the -ā of micchā < mithyā], not correctly; anujānāmi ~ā vattantaṁ paṇāmetuṁ, Vin I 54,4.

http://pali.hum.ku.dk/cpd/search.html

Monier-Williams dictionary:

samyak

(H1) samy-/a~nch mfn. (fr. sami = sam2 + 2. a~nch cf. Pa1n2. 6-3 , 93 ; nom. samy/an , samiich/ii , or sam/iichii , samy/ak) going along with or together , turned together or in one direction , combined , united (acc. with √ dhaa , " to unite or provide with " [acc. or dat. of pers. and instr. or acc. of thing]) , entire , whole , complete , all (samya~nchaH sarve , " all together ") RV. Br. S3a1n3khS3r.
[L=237299] turned towards each other , facing one another RV. VS. Br.
[L=237300] lying in one direction , forming one line (as foot steps) S3Br.
[L=237301] correct , accurate , proper , true , right BhP.
[L=237302] uniform , same , identical W.
[L=237303] pleasant , agreeable ib.

(H1C) samy-/ak [L=237308] ind. in one or the same direction , in the same way , at the same time , together (with √ sthaa , " to associate with ") RV. MBh.
[L=237309] in one line , straight (opp. to akShNayaa , " obliquely ") S3Br. Ka1tyS3r.
[L=237310] completely , wholly , thoroughly , by all means (with na , " by no means , not at all ") Mn. MBh. &c
[L=237311] correctly , truly , properly , fitly , in the right way or manner , well , duly (with √ kRi , " to make good [a promise] ") Up. Mn. MBh. &c
[L=237312] distinctly , clearly MW.

(H2) samyak [L=237324] in comp. for samya~nch.

http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.d ... mmUDha.jpg

[Dmytro]

Atthakatha glosses:

Sammāti hetunā kāraṇena.

Sammāti hetunā kāraṇena dhammaṃ vipassantassa vipassanāsaṅkhātā amānusī rati aṭṭhasamāpattisaṅkhātā dibbāpi rati hoti uppajjatīti attho.

Sammā sīhanādaṃ nadathāti ettha sammāti hetunā nayena kāraṇena.

Sammadeva anuppavattesīti sammā nayena hetunā kāraṇeneva anuppavattesi.
Sammadevāti hetunā nayena kāraṇeneva.
sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā hontīti hetunā nayena vipassanāñāṇena sudiṭṭhā honti.
Sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhanti hetunā kāraṇena vipassanāpaññāya yāthāvasarasato diṭṭhaṃ.
Sammappaññāya passatīti sammā hetunā kāraṇena sahavipassanāya maggapaññāya passati.
Sammadaññā vimuttoti sammā hetunā kāraṇena jānitvā vimutto.

Sammāsambuddho vatātiādi tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ pavattiākāradassanaṃ. Tassattho – yo bhagyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavā lokanātho sammā aviparītaṃ sāmaṃ sayameva sabbadhamme aho vata buddho, so bhagavā evarūpassa etarahi mayā anubhaviyamānassa aññassa ca evaṃjātikassa sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa pahānāya accantaṃ anuppādanirodhāya dhammaṃ katheti, aviparītadhammaṃ katheti. Aviparītadhammadesanatāya hi satthu sammāsambodhisiddhi.

Taṃ lobhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassinoti taṃ yathāvuttaṃ lobhaṃ sabhāvato samudayato atthaṅgamato assādato ādīnavato nissaraṇatoti imehi ākārehi sammā aviparītaṃ hetunā ñāyena aññāya ñātatīraṇapariññāsaṅkhātāya paññāya jānitvā rūpādike pañcupādānakkhandhe aniccādīhi vividhehi ākārehi passanato vipassino avasiṭṭhakilese vipassanāpaññāpubbaṅgamāya maggapaññāya samucchedappahānavasena pajahanti, na puna attano santāne uppajjituṃ denti.


give the related words:

hetunā - reasonable;
nayena - in accordance with (smth.), sound;
kāraṇena - proper;
ñāyena - fit, proper;
aviparītaṃ - unequivocal.

[Dmytro]

The glosses related to the Eightfold Path mostly give the related word "sundara"- "beautiful, good":

Tattha sammā pasatthā, sundarā diṭṭhi etassāti sammādiṭṭhi, tassa.

Sammādiṭṭhādīni aṭṭha vissajjanāni maggavasena niddiṭṭhāni. Sammā passati, sammā vā tāya passanti, pasatthā sundarā vā diṭṭhīti sammādiṭṭhi. Tassā sammādiṭṭhiyā. Sammā saṅkappeti, sammā vā tena saṅkappenti, pasattho sundaro vā saṅkappoti sammāsaṅkappo. Abhiropanaṭṭhoti cittassa ārammaṇāropanaṭṭho. Ārammaṇābhiniropanaṭṭhotipi pāṭho. Sammā vadati, sammā vā tāya vadanti, pasatthā sundarā vā vācāti sammāvācā. Micchāvācāviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Pariggahaṭṭhoti catubbidhavacīsaṃvarapariggahaṭṭho. Sammā karoti, sammā vā tena karonti, pasatthaṃ sundaraṃ vā kammanti sammākammaṃ, sammākammameva sammākammanto. Micchākammantaviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Samuṭṭhānaṭṭhoti tividhakāyasaṃvarasamuṭṭhānaṭṭho. Sammā ājīvati, sammā vā tena ājīvanti, pasattho sundaro vā ājīvoti sammāājīvo. Micchājīvaviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Vodānaṭṭhoti parisuddhaṭṭho. Sammā vāyamati, sammā vā tena vāyamanti, pasattho sundaro vā vāyāmoti sammāvāyāmo. Sammā sarati, sammā vā tāya saranti, pasatthā sundarā vā satīti sammāsati. Sammā samādhiyati, sammā vā tena samādhiyanti, pasattho sundaro vā samādhīti sammāsamādhi.


Dassanacariyā ca sammādiṭṭhiyātiādīsu sammā passati, sammā vā tāya passanti, pasaṭṭhā sundarā vā diṭṭhīti sammādiṭṭhi, tassā sammādiṭṭhiyā nibbānapaccakkhakaraṇena dassanacariyā. Sammā saṅkappeti, sammā vā tena saṅkappenti, pasaṭṭho sundaro vā saṅkappoti sammāsaṅkappo. Tassa ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropanacariyā. Sammā vadati, sammā vā tāya vadanti, pasaṭṭhā sundarā vā vācāti sammāvācā, micchāvācāviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Tassā catubbidhavacīsaṃvarapariggahacariyā. Sammā karoti, sammā vā tena karonti, pasaṭṭhaṃ sundaraṃ vā kammanti sammākammaṃ, sammākammameva sammākammanto, micchākammantaviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Tassa tividhakāyasaṃvarasamuṭṭhānacariyā. Sammā ājīvati, sammā vā tena ājīvanti, pasaṭṭho sundaro vā ājīvoti sammāājīvo, micchāājīvaviratiyā etaṃ nāmaṃ. Tassa vodānacariyā parisuddhacariyā. Sammā vāyamati, sammā vā tena vāyamanti, pasaṭṭho sundaro vā vāyāmoti sammāvāyāmo, tassa paggahacariyā. Sammā sarati, sammā vā tāya saranti, pasaṭṭhā sundarā vā satīti sammāsati, tassā upaṭṭhānacariyā. Sammā samādhiyati, sammā vā tena samādhiyanti, pasaṭṭho sundaro vā samādhīti sammāsamādhi, tassa avikkhepacariyā.


Sammādiṭṭhiādīsu dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi. Abhiniropanaṭṭhena sammāsaṅkappo, paggahanaṭṭhena sammāvāyāmo, upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena sammāsati, avikkhepanaṭṭhena sammāsamādhīti veditabbo. Vacanatthato pana sammā passati, sammā vā tāya passantīti sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā saṅkappeti, sammā vā tena saṅkappentīti sammāsaṅkappo. Sammā vāyāmeti, sammā vā tena vāyamantīti sammāvāyāmo. Sammā sarati, sammā vā tāya sarantīti sammāsati. Sammā samādhiyati, sammā vā tena samādhiyantīti sammāsamādhi. Apica, pasatthā sundarā vā diṭṭhi sammādiṭṭhīti.


Sammādiṭṭhīti sobhanā pasaṭṭhā sundarā maggasampayuttā sammādiṭṭhi.

A couple of times the glosses give related words:

yāthāva - sufficiently founded, true;
niyyānika - leading out of (saṃsāra),

and once:

kusala - skilful,


Sammādiṭṭhīti yāthāvadiṭṭhi niyyānikadiṭṭhi. Sammākammantādīsupi eseva nayo.


Sammādiṭṭhīti yāthāvaniyyānikakusaladiṭṭhi.


Micchāsaṅkappāti ayāthāvaaniyyānikaakusalasaṅkappā.


Metta, Dmytro